Sound on film



Aug. 19, 1941. J. RKlr-:L

SOUND 0N FILM Filled OCI). 27, 1938 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 ...III

ATTORNEYS.

Aus- 19, 1941.` J. R. KIEL 2,253,302

SOUND ON FILM Filed oct. 27, 1958 9 sheds-sheet 2 Q S1 Q.

INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

J. R. KIEL SOUND ON FILM Aug. 19, 1941.

9 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Oct. 27, 1958 jini umm mi INVENTOR. e M

ATTORNEYS,

Aug. 19, 1941. J. R. KIEL SOUND 0N FILM Filed Oct. 27, 1938 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENATOR.

l fue@ BY Aug. 19, 1941. .1. R. Kir-:L

SOUND ON FILM Filed om. 27

, 1938 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q INVENTOR. l

J ATTORNEYS.

J. R. KIEL SOUND ON FILM Filed OG t. 27, 1938 Aug. 19, 1941.

9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Aug. 19, 1941. J. R. KIEL SOUND ON FILM Filed oct. 2v, 1958 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. zmjgZg/fe ATTORNEYS.

Aug. 19, 1941. J R KlE-L SOUND 0N FILM Filed OC'C. 27, 1958 9 Sheets-Shea?l 8 INVENTOR.

gygy/@ ATTORNE V3.

Aug.19,1941.7 J, R, KIEL 2,253,302

' SOUND oN FILM Filed Oct. 27,- 1938 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR.

" ATTORNEYS.

Patented Aug. 19, 194.1`

SO'UIND 0N FILM John Ripley Kiel, Evanston, lll., assigner to Mary It. Kiel, Wilmettc,

Ill.

Application `October 27, 1938K, VSerial No. 237,225

- 1s claims.

Thisinvention has to do vwith a method of recording and reproducing sound on ilhn, apparatus for effecting such recording and reproducing, and the film record resulting from such method as practiced by such apparatus.

.It has been customary to produce by various forms of apparatus sound records extending longitudinally of sound carrier nlm strips and inl some instances doubling back and forth in parallel relation. Such records are not only wasteful of the iilm material, not utilizing the same to the best advantage, but as a given portion ofthe record extends over a considerable longitudinal distance, it is very dimcult, in reproduction, to re-locate 'a particular point of the record for reading back, or for making a correction in the record as where the use is in a business dictating machine.

A feature vof the present invention is the recording transversely rather than longitudinally of the sound carrier strip, and preferably diagonally in parallel lines extending at an angle of approximately 25 to 30 to the strip axis whereby the whole lm surface is utilized, -and the progress of the sound carrier illm longitudinally beneath the stylus is but gradual, with'the consequent result that Awidely separated portions of the record in point of time are not Widely spaced in distance but closely adjacent, enabling the reversal of lm movement to a desired record point for reading back to be accomplished quickly and with precision, assisted by indices of position also provided on the film according to my invention.

It has been proposed, as in Wildhaber Patent No. 1,707,243, to produce a record transversely of a illm strip, and to a greater or less degree diagonally but in that case the recording is in part a duplication, the adjacent sound record lines being produced by a pair of styll in staggered or overlapped relation to compensate for the fact that each record is discontinuous at the film edge; whereas, according to my invention, the film is wound as a close helix upon a mandrel with the Itwo edges in abutment, and there is but one stylus and onerecord line needed inasmuch as the recording is continuous from one edge of the film to the other abutting edge, bridging over from one to the other. As'a consequence, while the Wildhaber invention does result in a decided economy of illm material as compared with longitudinally'extending records, yet according to.

the present invention there is an increased economy due to the fact that I use but one stylus, producing a single line record instead of a. partial duplication. My invention solves the same diillculty with greater economy and added ease of locating a desired point in the record for reading back.

A further and quite important feature is the elimination of any click or other audible indication of the bridging or passing of the recording or reproducing stylus over the abutting edges of the film as helically wound upon the mandrel.

, In the construction of the Wildhaber patent this was avoided by discontinuing the recording by one stylus short of the edge and continuing the record with an overlap phase along an adjacent parallel line by the other stylus. According to my invention the sound groove made by a single stylus is continued entirely across from one edge of the film to the other, and any audible indication is avoided upon reproduction by cutting out `the reproducing'pick-up at the proper instant to omit the click. The interval of silence is so short that it cannot be detected.

I iind it of advantage. also, as in the case of my former Patents Nos. 2,095,750 and 2,096,113 to mount the recording stylus substantially perpendicular to the carrier illm surface rather than at an inclination thereto and to form the sound groove as a laterally undulating one rather than hill-and-dale, although the latter is entirely feasible.

Another feature of the invention is remote control which is of particular advantage where used in dictating and where employed for automatic recording of conversation ory other sound without the intervention of an operator exercising manual control. This remote control may include manual actuation of media whereby the machine. is set in operation to record, to reproduce or what not; also the' actuation of such media by the voice or other sound whereby such sound will be recorded automatically without manual intervention.

.Another feature of the invention is the cooperative interrelationship between various parts of the mechanism of the apparatus, gears, brakes,

clutches, etc., whereby, without stopping or reversal of the motor drive. the direction of sound carrier nlm travel beneath the stylus may be reversed instantly, the speed of travel in reverse increased, stopped at a predetermined point and forward travel resumed, all controlled by the manipulation of a single manually actuated selective lever or the like.

In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention a preferred embodiment of apparatus is set out in the accompanying drawings: and the operation of the same, the characteristics of the record-and method of its production are detailed in the following description; it being understood that the drawings and description are to be taken in an illustrative sense and not as limiting the invention as defined in the accompanying claims beyond that required by the state of the prior art.

Referring to the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a view in elevation showing in dotted lines the general layout of the apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a detail view on a large scale of the mandrel upon which the carrier lm is wound and revolved for recording and reproduction;

Fig. 3 is a view showing the cam and lever arrangement for adjusting the machine to its various positions for recording and reproduction purposes;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view through the top of the cabinet showing in particular the mechanism for breaking the circuit as the reproducing stylus of the machine passes over the abutting edges of the film;

Fig. 5 is a view ofA the end of the mandrel showing in dotted lines the spool of film and the threading of the film at one end of the mandrel;

Fig. 6 is a view showing in detail the gear arrangement on the take-up end of the mandrel taken on the line 6-8 of Fig. 7;

Fig. '7 is a sectional View showing the driving arrangement for the take-up end of the iilm;

Fig. 8 is a view showing the styli and a section of the mandrel at the point where the styli engage the film;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line 9-9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation of the gearing at the feed end of the mandrel;

. Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on the line II-II of Fig. 10;

Fig. 12 shows a portion of the mandrel with the lm wound thereon and the helical relationship of the film to the mandrel;

Fig. 13 is a view over a segment of lm showing the numbering thereon and the diagonal lposition of the recorded grooves when the film is in a atcondition;

Fig. 14 is a sectional view taken on the line I4-I4 of Fig. 10;

Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional views of the control cams mounted on the main control shaft of the machine Fig. 17 is a view showing the manner in which the mandrel is mounted in the machine;

Fi-g.18 shows in detail the driving and switching mechanism for operation of the machine by remote control by the use of push buttons or in response to sound;

Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken lon the line I9-I9 of Fig. i8;

Fig. 20 is a sectional view taken on the line 20-20 of Fig. 18; and

Fig. 21 isa circuit diagram showing the circuit employed when the machine is arranged for remote control operation or operation as the result of sound.

As indicated in Fig. 1 the device generally comprises a cabinet II in the base portion of which is mounted a motor I2 whichvdrives a drive shaft I3 through means of the belt and pulley assembly indicated by the reference character I4. Mounted on the drive shaft I3 is a pairof pulleys I5 and I6 respectively which are connected through means of belts I1 and I8 to the coneshaped heads I9 and 20 between which the mandrel 2I is positioned.

acter 25 and various positions of the control.

handle at points where microphones or head phones may be plugged in, andthe motor switch are indicated by the legends on the drawing. The specific mechanism through which the control arm functions, the recording and reproducing mechanism, etc. is not shown in Fig. 1.

Arrangement of the film The mandrel 2| and its cone-shaped heads I8 and 20 together with the recording head 23 and the reproducing head 21 and their associated mechanisms are illustrated in Fig. 2. The mandrel and the cone-shaped heads I8 and 28 revolve in the one direction indicated by arrows. The feeding reel of film is indicated by the reference character 28 and the take-up reel is indicated by the reference'character 29. From the feeding reel the iilm is fed over an idler guide roll 30, thence through a slot in the cone-shaped head 20 over an idler guide roll 3| and thence over the lm feeding rollers 32 and 33 shown in detail in Fig. 10, and thence around the mandrel 2I, the opposite edges of the iilm abutting as it passes about the mandrel in a helical relationship as shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 12. As the lm leaves the mandrel 2| it passes over the take-up rollers 34 and 35, these two rollers being shown in detail in Fig. 5. After leaving vthe take-up rollers 34 and 35 the flm'passes over the idler guide rollers 38 and 31 through a slot 38 in the cone-shaped head as shown in Fig. 5. As is also shown in Fig. 5, the film passes on the take-up reel 29, being guided by the idler roller 39.

'I'he feed reel 28 and the take-up reel 29 are journaled on the stationary shaft 40 as shown in Fig. 2. The shaft 40 is mounted in the frame 4I which frame supports the entire assembly and is in turn mounted in the cabinet II.

On the shaft 40 is'also journaled the mandrel 2| and its associated cone-shaped heads I9 and 20. The reels of film 28 and 29, being journaled on the shaft 40 have no direct connection with their respective cone-shaped heads I8 and 20, are driven solely by the strip of film. Each reel of film is provided with a braking mechanism, the

vdetails and the purpose of which will be hereinlafter described.

The mechanism for imparting movement to the film reproducing is controlled by the rollers 32 andl 33. As shown in Fig. 10 there is a pressure roller 42 mounted adjacent the feeding roller 33 to force the iilm into rm engagement with the roller 33 and to cause it to be tensioned against the periphery of that roller. Likewise the takea,ass,soa v 3 up rollers 84 and 85 are provided with a pressure roller 48 as shown in Fig. 5. Both the pressure roller 42 and the pressure roller 48 are mounted in the same manner, the detail of the mounting of roller 48 being shown in Fig. 5. This mount- 6 ing consists ofa curvedarm 44 which is pivoted at 45 on the cone-shaped head and is provided with a spring 48 which is connected at one end to the head and at the other end to the arm 44 so as to cause the pressure roller 48 to rmly 1.9

the mandrel 2i, the purpose of the rollers 82 and 15 88 being to feed the illm onto the mandrel and to permit the take-up reel to draw the nlm around the mandrel. During the time that the film is being advanced for recording or reproduction the rollers 84 and 85 are idling.y 20

It is obvious that the rollers 84 and 85 can be driven to aid the take-up reel 29 in feeding the film around the mandrel but in 'ordinarypractice it is generally not necessary to drive these rollers when advancing the illm.

2| in reverse direction, the speed of the film being 30 controlled by the speed of the rollers 84 and 85. These rollersperform the function of feeding the illm to the mandrel.

In order to guide the film as it passes across the mandrel and to assure firm abutment of its edge portions the ngers |41 and `|48 are provided as shown in, Fig. 2. Associated with the finger |41 is an abutting edge member |49 which prevents the film from moving toward the'takeup reel beyond this abutting edge and assures that it will always be centered.

'I'he braking mechanism for the reel 29 and` the reel 28 is of identical' character and in Fig. 4 there is shown in detail Ithe braking mechanism for the take-up -reel 29. This mechanism comprises a cylindrical projection or drum 41 formed integrally with the reel, the periphery of which drum forms a braking surface which is engaged by the friction brake shoes 48 and 49 respectively as shown in detail in Fig. 4. The`50 and 89 being mounted on the arms 50 and 5I 60 respectively. As is` apparent'from Fig. 4, actuation of the lever 58 causes the stud 58 to separate the brake shoes 48 and 49 as the stud moves between the rollers 59 and 98. The brake shoes 48 and 49 engage the braking surface of the cylindrical projection 41 through the action of a spring 6| which is connected to the brake arms 59 and. 5| and tends to draw them together. v

The braking arrangement for the reel 28 is identical with that of the reel 29 and in the draw- 70 ings, particularly Fig. 3, the respective parts which control the braking mechanism for the reel 28 are indicated with the same numbers but with the addition of an exponent a. Operation of the lever member 58 is governed by the control arm-22 showninFig. l Vthrough a series lof levers shown in detail in Figs. 2 and'. i

Referring mm. s, connected to the end or the braking leverfll is; a bell crank lever 82 fulcrumed at 88. Pivotally connected tov the other anno! bell crank lever 82 is a link 84 which connectsfwith the bell crank lever 88,

`fulcrumed atfilllqgfme other arm of the bell crank lever pt'ovided with a grooved roller 81 which ridesthe cam 88.

The film feeding mechanism 'Ihe operationof the rollers 82, 88 and the take-up rollers 84 and 85 is controlled from the -bell crank levers 85 and 85a respectively through the links 89 and 89a. It will be obvious that upon rocking of the bell crank levers 85 and 55a' that movement will be imparted to the links 89 and 89a. As shown in Fig. 2 the link 59 is connected to the arm 1|| and the link 89a is connected to the arm 18a. I'he arms 18 and 18a rock around pivotal mounting points 1| and 1Ia respectively. The free end of the arm 18 engages the plunger 12 which plunger is slidably mounted in the bore of the shaft 49, as shown in detail in Fig. ll. Referring to Fig. 11 it will be seen that the plunger 12 is provided at its inner end with a spring 18 shown in dotted lines which abuts against it and tends to press it outwardly. Fixed to the plunger 12 is .a pin 14 which projects through an elongated slot 15 in the shaft 48.

Slidably mounted on the shaft 40 and ilxedly secured to the pin 14 is a sleeve member 16 which is'A provided at its inner end with a cone-shaped friction drive member 11 and near its medial portion with a gear 18 and at its outside end with a peripherally slotted boss 19. Adapted to engage thel cone-shaped drive member 11 is a friction 0 driven member 80 which has formed integral with it a pinion 8| as is shown in detail in Figs. 10 and 1l. The friction-driven member 80 and the pinion 8| are mounted in needle-point bearings 82 and 83 respectively. The bearing 88 is in an 45 arm member 84, adapted to swing about its pivot point 85. The f purpose of providing the arm member 84 so that it may move about the pivot point 85 will be described in connection with the operation of the device.

Engaging the pinion 8| is a gear wheel 88 which is secured to the sleeve shaft 81, which sleeve is xedly secured to the shaft 92. Also mounted on the shaft 81 is a pinion 88 which is adapted to engage the grooved gear 89. The gear 89 may 5 consist of two gears in which the teeth are in register but are spaced apart or by a single gear which is provided with a groove as indicated at 99. The grooved gear 89 is fixedly secured to the feeding roller 38 so that rotation of the gear 89 imparts rotation to this feeding roller 88. As shown in Fig. 11 there is ilxedly secured to the friction gear 88 a gear 9| which is 4adapted to mesh with the gear 18 when that gear is moved inwardly.

In order to disengage the gear mechanism thus far described from the feed roller 88 so that there will `be no drag upon said roller during the time when it is desired to have said roller running free. the pinion 88 and -gear 88 are fixed on the shaft 92, which shaft is slidably mounted to permit its endwise movement. Engaging the end of the vshait 92 is a lever arm 93 which is pivotally mounted at one end 94. The other end of said lever arm 98 is provided with a pin 95 which rides in' the groove 98 of the boss 19 mounted on the sleeve 16. It will be apparent that movement of the plunger 12 to certain positions will actuate the lever arm 93 and cause the pinion 88 to be positioned opposite the groove 90 in the grooved gear 89. When so positioned the feed roller 33 is relieved from any driving action and also from any gear drag.

mechanism shown in Figs. 10 and 11, it will be apparent that when the plunger 12 is forced outwardly'under the action of the spring 13"and is Arelieved of pressure by the arm 10 the friction gears 11 and 80 will be in engagement and will drive the feeding roller 33 at a relatively' low speed. That when the plunger 12 is depressed partially by the arm 10 the friction gears 11 and 80 will be separated and there will be no driving connection between these gears or between the toothed gear 18 and gear 9|, and the pinion "ss win be positioned in the groovet of the grooved gear 89 so that there is no gear drag upon the feed roller 33. When the plunger is depressed to its extreme position the gear 18 and the gear 9| are engaged and the pinion 88 engages the inner tooth portion of the grooved gear 89. With this gearing relationship it will be obvious that the feed roller 33 will be driven at a high rate of speed.

The means for compensation for lengthening of the film during recording As recording takes place the diagonal soundgrooving of the film strip lengthens it slightly with the result that if the lm is fed at the same rate during reproduction as during recording, the reproducing stylus would tend to move axially along the mandrel. In order to compensate for this difference in length of the film the pivoted arm 84 is provided for the mounting of the friction gear 80. This arm is shown in detail in Figs. 10 and 14. As shown in Fig. 14 the extent to which the arm 84 may swing about its pivot is limited by the fixed stop 91 and by the set screw 98. The spring 99 yieldingly urges the arm 84 in the direction of the fixed stop 91. When the plunger 12 is in its released position, that is to say, when it is not being forced by the arm member 10 against the spring 13, the friction gear 11 is moved outwardly toward its utmost limit and the friction gear 80 tends to and does move toward the extreme diameter of the friction gear 11 with the result that as the friction gear approaches the extreme diameter the feed roller 33 is driven at a slightly increased rate of speed. 'I'he extent to which the friction gear 80 may move toward the extreme diameter of the friction gear 11 is controlled by the set screw 98 for it is obvious that the friction gear cannot move beyond the point at which the position of its axis will freely permit and the limit of movement of the axis is controlled through the set screw 98. Thus through adjustment of the set screw 98 it is possible to very accurately control the slight increase in speed of the lfilm necessary in reproducing due to its very slight elongation in recording.

The gear mechanism for driving the feed rollers 34 and 35 The feed rollers 34 and 35 are controlled through the link 69a which is attached to the bell crank 65 as shown in Fig. 3 and, as appears from Fig. 2, the link 69a. controls the arm 10a. which is pivotally mounted at 1|a and has a free end portion which engages the plunger |00. As shown in detail in Figs. 6 and '1, the plunger |00 is mounted similarly to the plunger 12 in the op-y |06. Mounted on the same shaft as the gear |06 and fixedly secured thereto is a pinion |01 which drives thev gear |08. Mounted coaxlally with the gear |08 is a gear |09 which drives the gear ||0.

Gear ||0 in turn drives gear The gears ||0 and are secured to the feed rollers 34 and 35 respectively and drive the same. f

It will be apparent that movement of the plunger |00 inwardly against the action of the spring |0| will disengage the pinion |05 from `the gear |06 so that the feeding rollers 34 and 35` are not driven by the pinion |05.

I The controlmeans for the movement of the film The cam 68 (Fig.3) which controls the actions of the various links that actuate the pins 12 and |00 and the links which control the brakes is mounted on a shaft 22a which is rotated by the control arm 22. This cam is so shaped that when the control arm is located in the positions marked Neutral, both sets of brakes 48 and 49 and 48a and 49a, are disengaged, the arm 56 having forced the pin 58 between the rollers 59 and 60 as is more clearly shown in Fig, 4. The pin |00 is depressed so that the pinion |05 is disengaged from the gear |06 as is more clearly apparent Afrom Fig. 7. The plunger 12` is depressed to the point that the friction gears 11 and 80 are just out of engagement, the gears 18 and 9| having not yet reached the point where they are engaged, and the pinion 88 is not out of engagement with the teeth in the gear 89, having not yet reached the grooved portion 90. It will be apparent that in the Neutral position the mandrel 2| and the cone-shaped members I9 and 20 will be revolving but no lm will be moved relative thereto.

In the Transcribe position of the control arm 22 the cam 68 is so shaped that the associated levers cause the brake shoes 48 and 49 to engage the brake band on the reel 29 and thus tend to hold this reel from rotation and to tension the film to cause it to feed from the left to the right on the mandrel. The brake comprising the shoes 48a and 49a on the reel 28 is completely released or it may exert but a slight effect on the reel 28 to prevent overrun in case of sudden stoppage. The plunger |00 shown in Fig. 7 is in the same position as in the Neutral position, that is to say, the gears |05 and |06 are disengaged. The v When the control lever 22 is moved to Repeat position, the cam 99 is so shaped that the brakes 49 and 49 are released and the brakes 49a and 49a are in engagement with the brake band-on the reel 29 so as to tension the film and cause it.

to move from right to left across the mandrel 2| as shown in Fig. 2. The plunger 12 is now depressed to the point that the friction gears 11 and 80 have become disengaged, the gears 'i9 and 9| have not yet become engaged and the pinion 99 has moved into the slot 90. The plunger shown in Fig. 7 and nuinbered |00 is now moved to its outward extremity under the action of spring so that the gears |05 and |05 have become engaged to feed the film through the rollers 34 and 35 to the mandrel.

When the control arm is moved to theposition marked Advance" the brakes 49 and 49 have engaged the brake drum 41 on the reel 29 and the brakes 48a and 49a` are completely released. The plunger 12 as shown in Fig. 11 has been depressed to the point that the gears 19 and 9| are in engagement, the friction gears 11 and 90 are out of engagement and the pinion 98 has moved beyond the slot 90 and into the teeth of the gear 89. The plunger |00 shown in Fig. 7 is now depressed by the arm 10a. so that the gears and .|05 are out of engagement. Due to the high ratio of the gearing on the feeding side as shown in Fig. 11 the film advances ata rapid rate of speed.

When the control lever is in the Record position the brakes 40a and 49a are released and the brakes 49 and 49 are in firm engagement with the brake drum attached to the take-up reel 29. The plunger |00 shown in Fig. '7 is depressed to the point that the gears |05 and |05 are out of mesh. The plunger 12 shown in Fig. l1 is depressed to the point that the friction gears 11 and 90 are in engagement, the gears engaging at the smallest diameter of the gear 11. The gears 18 and 9| are, of course, out of engagement and the pinion 50 is in engagement with the gear 09.

When the arm is in the position indicated by Record and reproduce" (Fig. 1), the arrangement of the brakes and gearing is the same as in the Record position.

The control for positioning the reproducing head As shown in Fig. 8 the recording head 25 is pivotally mounted at ||3, the point of mounting being preferably positioned on a line tangent to the mandrel at the point of recording.

The pressure which the recording head exerts upon the lm may be conveniently controlled through an adjustable spring ||4. The position of the recording head with respect to the film is determined by means of a cam ||5 which is fixedly mounted on the control shaft 22a. The cam ||5 has abutting against it the end of a pin ||5 which pin is slidable axially in its mounting, the other end of the pin ||6 engaging a projection ||1 on the recording head as shown in dotted lines. When the control arm 22 is in Neutral," Advance," Transcribe or Repeat positions the cam I5 is so shaped that the pin rides on its outer periphery and raises the recording head from engagement with the film. When the control arm. 22 is in Record and in Record and reproduce" positions, the pin ||8 is dropped into one of the depressions III of the cam so that the recording head is dropped down into engagement with the film. A detailed view of this cam is shown in Fig. 16.

In order to aid in the advancement of the film during recording and reproduction and to cause the iilm to tend to move along the mandrel toward the take-up reel and keep the edges of the film in firm abutment as they helically pass about the mandrel, a friction shoe ||9 is advanltageously provided as shown in Fig. 8, this friction shoe having a face which extends partially about the film as it is wound upon the mandrel. The friction shoe ||9 is faced with leather or some other non-abrading friction material. The

- shoe is mounted on a short leaf spring |20 as shown in detail in Fig. 9, the spring having the proper resiliency to exert a slight pressure upon the shoe and direct it into engagement with the film. The other end of the spring |20 is flxedly secured to a plunger |2I, which plunger is slidably mounted in the projection |22 integral with the yoke member |23. The yoke |23 is ilxedly secured to the frame assembly |24.

The plunger |2| engages the face of the cam |25. The cam |25 which is shown in detail in Figs. l5 and 16 is so shaped that when the control arm 22 which rotates the shaft 22a upon which the cam |25 is mounted, is in Record or Transcribe positions the shoe ||9 is advanced under tension of the spring |20 to engage the film. When the control shaft 22a is in any other position the plunger reseats into a depression in the cam so that the friction shoe |9 is out of tion shoe ||9.

The control for the reproducer As shown in Fig. 8 the reproducer 21 is mounted by means of universal pivots indicated at |21 and |20. An arm member |29 which is pivotally mounted at |30 to the sub-frame |24 engages the bottom side of the reproducer. Abutting the arm |29 is a plunger |3| which engages the cam face |32. Urging the arm |29 into engagement with the plunger |3| and the latter into engagement with the cam face |32 is a spring |34 which is' secured to the arm |29 and to the sub-frame. The reproducer 21 is so positioned that it tends under the action of gravity to engage the film, and the cam face |32 isvso shaped that when the control lever 22 is actuated the cam will be so rotated that the reproducer will engage the film when the cam lever is in the recording and reproducing and in the transcribing positions, At other positions of the control lever the cam urges the plunger |3I against the arm |29 to cause the latter to swing about its pivot |30 and raise the reproducer 21 from the film. The details ofthe cam |32 are shown in Fig. 15.

The reproducing and recording circuits The reproducer and the recording head are connected to the usual amplifier circuits to permit of recording and reproduction, standard microphones and loud speakers being used in these operations. Such circuits do not constitute an essential part of my invention and since they are well known and understood by those skilled in the art they are not shown in the drawings or described in detail for to do so would merely make the drawings more complicated and lengthen the description.

Control of the circuits to the reproducing head and the recording head are through means of the switch, the housing of which is indicated by the reference character |40 in Fig. 8. Only the housing of the switch is shown because it is a standy ard multiple contact switch, the contacts being stationary and there being a series of control arms which are mounted on an extension of the control shaft 22a and revolve with it. The contacts and control arms are so arranged and connected that when the cutting head is in engagement with the film the microphone is connected through the amplifier to the recording head. Likewise when the control shaft 22a is positioned so that the reproducer is in engagement with the film the amplifier is connected to the loud speaker and when the film is in repeat or neutral positions the amplifier may be cut out of the circuit.

The general plan of the control mechanism It will be apparent from the foregoing description that mounted on the control shaft 22a are all of the control cams and mechanisms, namely, the cam 60 which controls the engagement and release of the brakes on the reels of the film and also action of the fllm feed rolls. Thus, through this cam the direction and rate of movement of the film for'the various operations is controlled. Through the cam members ||5, |25 and |32 the position of the reproducer and the recording head, together with the lmengaging member H9, are positively controlled and these controls, being on the same shaft and being correlated to the cam' 60 insure proper setting of the mechanism for each of its several operations.

The switching mechanism |40 being likewise mounted on the control shaft 22a and coordi` 4 nated with the caml members connects the proper electrical circuits to the amplifier and the loud speaker. Thus the entire control of the machine is accomplished through a single shaft and a single control lever.

In order to insure proper positioning of the control shaft 22a upon the manipulation of the control arm 22 or the electrical means of control hereinafter to be described, the cam |42, shown in Fig. 3, is provided on the control shaft 22a. This cam is provided with openings to receive a roller |43 which roller is mounted on the lever |44. The lever |44 is plvoted at the point |45 and provided at its opposite end with a spring |46 the spring urging the lever |44 and the roller |43 toward the cam surfaces of the member |42. Thus, as the control shaft 22a is moved to various positions, which positions are represented on the cam |42a-by a. hollow portion, the roller |43 drops into the hollow portions and thus holds the control shaft 22a in the desired position.

The means for eliminating noise as the reproducing head passes over the abutting edges of the film It will be apparent that as the reproducing stylus passes or bridges over the abutting edges of the film as the mandrel 2| revolves there would be produced a click or undesirable noise unless some means is provided for eliminating this noise during reproduction. This is accomplished in the specific form of the invention shown by the provision of a projection |35 which may beA positioned on either one of the cone-shaped members I9 or 20. This projection is shown in detail in Fig. 4. This projection is positioned on a radial line at the point of contacting of the yreproducing stylus with the joint between the edges of the film and as they pass the stylus. The projection |35 actuates a switch |36 by means of a Wiper |31, which switch |36 is so connected in the amplifier circuit as to cause that circuit to go dead. at the instant the reproducing stylus passes the joint in the film,

It is obvious that there are a number of ways of causing the amplifier to cease to function at this instant such, for instance, as the application of a blocking voltage to the control grid through f the closing of the switch I3 or by short-circuiting the pick-up, etc. In lieu of mechanical means for actuating the switch |36, a magnet may be so positioned as to actuate an armature from the switch when the magnet passes the switch Such a system would have the advantage that it would eliminate any mechanical noise resulting from contact of the wiper |31 with the cam member |35. Obviously any method may be employed which Will have the effect of blocking out the reproducer at the instant that it bridges the edgesof the film.

Means for determining` the position of the film in the machine In order that the operator may determine the position'of the film in the machine the film is provided with a series of numbers which are imposed on it diagonally so that when the film is wound on the mandrel they are in line with the axis of the mandrel.

As shown in Fig. 3, a source of light is provided at the point |44 which light passes through a slot |45 in the head 20. 'I'his light is reiiected by the mirror |46 onto the film. It will be apparent that as the head revolves the light will only strike the mirror and the film -once in every revolution and. it will always strike the nlm at the same point. Thus, by viewing the film through the opening 24 of the casing, shown in Fig. 1, upon each revolution of the mandrel the number then in position will become visible for an instant. Since the light only strikes the film for an instant at a time the number will appear to be nearly stationary although, in fact, it is revolving at the same rate of speed as the mandrel. 'I'his feature is of importance because if the light were not fiashed at intervals but allowed to play directly on the film at all times the film is moving at such rate of speed during the rotation of the mandrel that it will be difficult, if not impossible to read the numbers.

Method of threading film As shown in Fig. 1'7- the mandrel and the heads I9 and'20, together with their supporting shaft- 40, are mounted in the machine bly sliding them on the curved portion |50 of the frame assembly. As shown in dotted lines, the mandrel and the heads can be readily removed from the interior of the machine to a point of easy access merely by sliding them to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 17. In this position either the takeup or the feeding reel of film may be removed or replaced. When inserting the new film the reel holding it is placed upon the shaft 40 as in the position 28 in Fig. 2. The film is then fed over an idler guide roller 30 thence through a slot in the cone-shaped head 20 over an idler guide roller 3| and thence over the film feeding rollers 32 and 33 and thence around the mandrel 2| to the feed rollers 34 and 35 on head |9 around the guide rollers 36 through the slot |5| shown in Figs. 4 and 5 into the opening u. in that head I0. Thence the film passes over the guide rollers .31 and 39 and onto the reel 20. I

The mandrel and head assembly is then positioned in the machine and is ready to operate.

The mechanism as it has thusfar been -described is to be controlled manually, that is to say, through means of the control arm 22 which for ordinary purposes will be entirely satisfactory.

However,'there are many cases in which it is de-V Remote and automatic control As shown in Figs. 18 to 2,1 inclusive remote and automatic voice control of the recording machine is accomplished by providing on shaft 22a a pinion 200 which operates a rack 20|. As shown in the drawings the rack 20|"is slidably mounted In order to position the oontroi shaft l'22a and thus effect remote control ofthe machine as heretofore described the following circuit ar'- rangement is employed. As shown in the circuit diagram, Fig. 21, the course of current is indicated at 242 which may be an ordinary light socket.

From this source onel side of the line leads to the mid-point of a two coil relay 243. The relay 243 is provided with-appropriate armatures 244 and 245 to each of which actuates two pairs of contacts, these pairs of contacts being indicated y by the reference characters 246, 2,41, 248 and 243 on a supporting plate 202 by nens of the members 203. The rack member 20| is provided with teeth 204 which engage the pinion 200. The face of the rack engaging the supporting plate is provided with a groove 205 which has an velevated portion 206 therein so that the grooved portion of the rack acts as a cam-shaped surface. En-

gaging the cam-shaped surface are a plurality of lingers 201 which pass through the supporting plate 202 and which are held in engagement with the cam-shaped surface of the rack by a plu.- rality of springsv 208, here shown as six in number, which springs are mounted on the under side of the-supporting plate. Mounted adjacent each spring 208 are three contact members each of which is insulated from the springs and from each other. These contact members bear num- `bers 209 to 226 inclusive.

'250 and 25|.

is shown in the circuit diagram, Fig. 21, these v contact members I are electrically connected through appropriate switching mechanism and relays hereafter described to the motor 231. The motor 231 is provided with a shaft 238 and through a magnetic clutch 239 actuates a worm gear 240. The worm 240 operates avworm wheel 24| which is flxedly secured to the shaft 22a.

.n magnetic clutch 239 is electrically connected to the motor circuit so that when the motor circuit is energized the clutch engages and at the moment that current ceases to flow to the motor the clutch disengages. Thus the momentum of the motor which might cause the device to overrun or hunt were it not for the clutch is effectively removed from the apparatus due to the instantaneous release oi the clutch when the circuit to the motor is opened. 'I'he electrical connections are notshown between the motor and the clutch as they are of an .obvious character and illustration of them would merely cucumber the drawings. Furthermore, the clutch need not necessarily be of the magnetic type but may be a plain friction clutch which is engaged or disengaged through axial movement of the motor shaft caused by mounting that shaft so that the armature is out of line with the field and is the direction of movement of the rack depending upon the dlrectionof rotation lof the motor 231.

respectively. From these pairs of contacts are lead wires as indicated in the drawings to the brushes and eld of the motor so that the motor will operate in one direction when the armature 244 is actuated by its associated coil of the relay `and the motor will run in the opposite direction when the armature 245 is actuated by the associated coil'of the relay. 'I'hel details of the connections between the motor and the relay are not described because they are merely standard practice in the reversing of motors.

The alternative energization of thev respective coils of the relay is accomplished through leads The lead wire 250 is connected with the contacts 209, 2|2, 2|5, 2|8, 22| and 224 and the lead wire 25| is connectedto the contat members 2||, 2|4, 2|1, 220, 223 and 226. The center contacts 2|0,v 2|3,- 2|6, 2|9, 222 and 225 are attached to leads bearing the suffix a which leads are each connected to 'a series of push button switches designated by the suix b. 'I'hese -pushed downwardly to engage the contact member 2 0c. Such switches are commonly employed for various purposes and are well known. lin

` eect these switches are sliding single pole dou ble throw switches.

The lead wire 2 |0a is connected to the contact 2|0c of the switch 2|0b. Likewise the lead wire 2|3a is connected to the contact 2|3c and the other lead wires bearing the suiiix a are connected to the contact points c of their corresponding switch. l

The wiping contacts of the switches are indicated in the drawings by the suiiix d. The contact member which connects the switches in se-V ries when the buttons are in raised position is indicated by the suffix e. From the wiping con.. tact 2 |0d a line 251 goes to the contact 258 oi' the single pole double throw switch 259. The control member 200 of the switch 259 is connected to the lead wire 20| which returns to the source of energy 'such as the light socket.

From the part of the apparatus and circuit thus far described it will be apparentA that, when the switch 259 is set so that the control arm engages the contact 258, upon depression of any one of the push button switches the circuit lwill be completed to the motor and it will operate to move the control shaft 22a into the desired position. For instance, should it be desired to posibe broken between the contacts 2|0 and 2||le and the circuit will be closed between the contacts 2|0d and the contacts 2l0c. It will then pass through the line 2 |0a to the center contact 2I0. If the center contact 2I0 is in engagement with the contact 209, and its engagement with contact 209 or 2|I will obviously depend upon the position of the rack 20|, then the current will pass through the line 250 to energize the coll operating the armature 24B to cause the motor to rotate in the direction to move the rack so that the raised portion of the cam surface in the groove 205 will engage the finger 201 which controls the position of the contact'2l0. When the finger 201 has ridden up part way on the raised portion of the cam surface contact 2I0 will be disengaged from the contact 209 and energy to the motor will be cut oi and due to the magnetic clutch arrangement hereinafter described the control shaft 22a will instantly cease movement and the machine will be in the neutral position.

On the other hand, if the control shaft 22a is so positioned that the finger 201 actuating the contact 2|0 is riding upon the high portion 206 of the cam surface 205 of the rack 20|, then the contact 2|0 will be in engagement with the contact 2|| which will close the circuit through the line 25| to the relay and energize the coil which actuates the armature 245 and causes the motor to rotate in the opposite direction. Obviously as soon as the finger 201 then reaches a point on the cam surface 205 so that the contact 2|0 is out of engagement with the contact 2| l, the motor circuit is disconnected and the control shaft 22a will cease movement and the machine will be in neutral position.

Thus it makes no difference in what position the control shaft is. Upon manually depressing the proper button the control shaft will be moved and stopped at the desired position.

The iingers 201 and their associated contacts are so connected to the various push buttons that when the push button 2l0b is depressed the apparatus will be in neutral position. That is to say, the shaft 22a will rotate to the position that the recording and reproducing mechanism is in neutral. When the push button 2|3b is depressed the control shaft 22a is revolved so that the apparatus is in recording position and when the push button 2| 6b is depressed the control shaft 22a is revolved so that the apparatus is in advance position. When the button 222i) is depressed the control shaft is revolved so that the apparatus is in transcribed position. When the button 225D is depressed the apparatus is in neutral position.

The series of push buttons are so interconnected by well known mechanism that upon pushing down one button any other button that has been depressed will automatically rise. 'I'hus it is only possible to have one button in depressed pesition at a time.

In order to operate the machine automatically, that is to say. so that it will be responsive to the voice or sound, the arm member 260 of the switch 259 is positioned to engage the contact 262, in which position the line 26| is connected to the connecting wire 263. which wire is connected to the contact 264. The contact 264 is pivotally mounted so `as to be actuated by the armature 265. Normally the contact 264 engages the contact member 268 due to spring pressure which is applied to the contact 264 through any one of well known arrangements.

The contact 266 is directly connected to the contact member 2|0c through a lead 261. Also adapted to engage the contact 269 under the action of the armature 265 is the contact 260 which through the lead wire 269 is connected to the contact member 2|3c.

It will be apparent that when the contact member 266 engages the contact member 266 current flows from the lead line 26| through the switch 259 and the lead Wire 263, thence through the contact members through the lead wire 261 to the contact 2|0c which connections have the same effect as depressing the button 2mb and when so connected the motor will operate to bring the machine to neutral position as heietofore described. Likewise when the armature 265 is released the contact 264 engages the contact 269 and current will be fed through the lead line 269 to the contact 2|3c which will have the same effect as depressing the button containing' this contact. Whereupon as has heretofore been described the energy passing through this circuit will cause the motor to position the control shaft 22a so that the machine is in the recording position.

The armature 265 is actuated through the relay coil 210 which coil is energized from the control tube 21| which may be a standard three-element vacuum tube or three elements of a tube having a dual function. One side of the coil 210 is connected to the B plus side of the tube circuit and the other side to the plate circuit so that when the grid of the control tube 21| is made negative with respect to the cathode the coil 210 is deenergized and the armature 265 is released.

In order to provide a negative bias on the grid of the tube 21| in response to sound a standard microphone indicated by the reference character 212 is connected through an amplifier circuit indicated by the reference character 213 to the input 214 of a step-up transformer. From the secondary 215 of the step-up transformer the current is passed through a rectier circuit which includes a rectifier tube 216 having an anode 211 and a cathode 218. The cathode is connected to the ground through a resistance of high value 219 so that the output of the tube is impressed upon the control grid of the tube 21|. In order to delay the action of the control grid 21| in the event the sound applied to the amplier is momentarily discontinued a condenser 280 is provided in the control grid circuit. In order that the condenser will discharge at a slow ra a bleeder resistance of high value 28| is connected across the condenser 280.

It will be apparent that from the foregoing description when it is desired to have the machine operate by the push button control the switch 259 has its control arm 260 so positioned as to engage the contact 258 whereupon, by depressing the appropriate button, the machine will assume the desired position.

It is generally desirable that the push buttons be mounted in a separate control box and that a multiple wire cable run from the push buttons to the machine. Thus the machine may be set in a corner of the room and operated from a distance. On the other hand, when it is desired to have the machine record and act in response to sound the control arm 260 of the switch 259 is moved to engage the contact 262. In this position the machine will record any sound which reaches the microphone and film will only be consumed during the time that sound is impressed upon the microphone. The advantage of its arrangement is obvious under many condigins to function.

2,2ss,so2

tions. For instance, it may be desirable to have the machine record all transmission or all reception from an airplane transmitter. Since these transmitters only operate periodically no lm will be consumed during the intervals of silence, or, if the machine is to be used as an ordinary dictating machine when the dictator ceases dictation the machine automatically discontinues the use of iilm. n the other hand, when the dictator starts again to dictate the machine be- It is to be observed that the remy, inducing the contacts 264, 266, 268 and the armature 266, is so arranged that should anything happen to I the control tube 21| or its associated electrical elements the contacts 264 and 266 will remain in engagement and the machine will be in recording position although it will not stop on the cessation of sound. Thus, if the machine is to be used in some place where it is essential that it record all sound, failure of the electrical control mechanism will not cause the machine to cease operation but it will continue to operate at all times.

Summary Most of the advantages of the machine described will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon understanding the construction and operation thereof. A feature of particular importance, however, is that the machine is operated by a single control shaft with the result that controlis readily accomplished by an inexperienced person who has no knowledge whatsoever oi mechanics or the electrical arrangements of the machine. Thus, if the machine is operated manually through use of the lever 22a the mere positioning of that lever at the points indicated on the casing of the machine will cause it to function in the proper manner. On the other hand, due to the use of but a single control shaft remote control of the machine by various means, including those Just described, may be conveniently accomplished with a minimum o. mechanism. Furthermore, such mechanism can be so simply arranged as to make the use of the machine with such control mechanism or soundresponsive means possible by one who has no electrical or mechanical knowledge.

Another feature of importance is that since the nlm is recorded diagonally it is possible to record on a very short strip of film a substantial amount of material and since the recording is continuous and compact, feet or less of 35 mm. film is sufficient to record an hour's dictation or other matter. This feature is of importance because in recording such matter as radio broadcasts and the like for the purpose of keeping a permanent record, the amount of space required for such iilm record is reduced to a minimum as is the cost of film necessary to make such'a record.

Another feature of importance is that each component part of the lmachine is relatively simple and with few exceptions need not be exspirally wound about said mandrel, nlm feeding means for feeding the strip of film about said mandrel and causing relative movement thereto withrespect to said mandrel in either direction, means for rotating said mandrel, a recording head, means'for moving said recording head into and out of engagement with said film, means for causing said iilm to movedn one direction and 'at a' given rate of speed at the instant said recording head engages said film, means for causing said iilm to reverse its direction of movement relative to said mandrel, and means for causing said film to move in the same direction as when recording but at an increased rate of speed when said reproducing head engages said nlm.

2. In a machinerof the class described, a mandrel, a strip of film having a .portion helically wound on said mandrel, the adjacent edges of said film being in contact with each other, stylus means 4for engaging said lm tranversely across its Acontacting edges, means for rotating said mandrel, said film passing diagonally past said stylus means upon rotation of said mandrel, a take-up reel for said iilm coaxially mounted with said mandrel, means for rotating said mandrel and nlm feed mechanism for moving said iilm onto said take-up reel at a different rate of surface speed than the rate of surface speed of said mandrel. l

3. In a machine of the class described, a mandrel, a strip of iilm having a portion helically wound on said mandrel with edge portions of the illm in abutment on .the mandrel, a take-up reel `coaxially mounted with said mandrel, means for rotating said mandrel and said take-up reel, means for varying the speed of said mandrel in relation to said take-up reel, guide means for guiding said nlm from said mandrel to said takeup reel and stylus means engaging said film over said mandrel and passing diagonally across said film from edge to edge of each section of film passing beneath said stylus.

4. I n a sound recording or reproducing machine of the character described, the combination of a pair of spaced reels, a rotary mandrel intermediate said reels, said reels and mandrel being constructed and arranged for simultaneous rotation, driving mechanism for rotating said mandrel and reels, a flexible record strip extending frcm one reel to the other spirally around the mandrel with edge `por-tions of the strip in juxtaposition on the mandrel, a stylus adapted to engage the strip on the mandrel and traverse the same across the juxtapositioned edges of the strip spirally around the mandrel from one reel to the other in transverse and longitudinal movetremely accurate inr its arrangement or dimensions. Thus, the allowable tolerances for manufacture are relatively-great.

It has been found that the machine is extremely accurate in reproduction and recording, that thereis little or no wear of the parts and, therefore, it has long life and servicing requirements are reduced to a minimum.

I claim:

1. In a machine of the class described, having a recording stylus and a reproducing stylus, a

mandrel, a pair of reels, a nlm strip on said reels 75 6- A machine aS ment past the stylus. i 5. In a sound recording or reproducing machine of the character described, the combination of a pair of spaced reels, a rotary mandrel, means for rotatably supporting said reels and mandrel in coaxial relationship for simultaneous rotation, driving mechanism for rotating said reels and mandrel, a iiexible record strip extending from one reel to the other spirally around said mandrel with edgeportions of the strip substantially in abutting relationship on the mandrel. a stylus positioned at the mandrel adapted to engage and traverse the strip across its substantially abutting edges, and means for feeding said record strip from one reel to the other `in transverse and longitudinall movement past the stylus. ,f i f vdefined in claim 5 characterized by selective feed mechanisms for feeding the strip in reverse directions from one` reel to the other, and selector means for 'controlling the operation of the feed mechanisms.

7. A- machine as dened in claim characterized by spaced indicia marked on said strip at regular intervals, and means for intermittently illuminating said indicia for visible identification of portions of the strip in movement between the reels.

8. In a sound recording and reproducing machine, a pair of spaced reels, a rotary mandrel between said reels, means for rotatably supporting the reels and mandrel in coaxial relationship, driving mechanism for rotating the mandrel, a sound record strip connecting said reels passing spirally around the mandrel with edge portions of the strip in abutment on the mandrel, means for reproducing Asound comprising a movably mounted stylus adjacent the mandrel adapted to engage the sound record in its movement transversely across its abutting edges, means for moving said stylus into and out of engagement with said record strip, separate feed mechanism for feeding the strip from one reel to the otherl for reproducing and feed back, and manually operable means for selectively controlling operation of the feed mechanism.

drel between the reels with edge portions of the film in abutment on the mandrel, feeding mechanism for causing said lm to advance around' the mandrel from one roll to the other, a recording head with a stylus adjacent said mandrel adapted to contact said film transversely thereof across its abutting edges, and mechanism including means responsive to sound for actuating said feeding mechanism.

V10. In a sound recording and reproducing machine, the combination of a pair of spaced reels, braking means associated with each reel, a rotary mandrel between said reels, means for rotatably supporting said reels and mandrel in coaxial relationship and for simultaneous rotation, driving mechanism for rotating said mandrel, a flexible record strip extending from one reel to the other spirally around said mandrel with edge portions of the strip in abutment on the mandrel, feed mechanism for positively moving the record strip from one reel to the other in one direction around said mandrel, separate feed mechanism for moving the record strip from one reel to the other in the opposite direction at an accelerated speed, manually operable selector mechanism fior operating one or the other of said feed mechanisms, a sound recorder including a stylus movably mounted adjacent the mandrel adapted to engage the record strip to record a sound track thereon extending transversely across abutting y edges of the strip, means for moving said stylus into and out of engagement with said record strip, a soundreproducer including a reproducing stylus movably mounted adjacent the mandrel for engaging said record strip, means for moving the reproducing stylus into and out of engagement with the strip, and control mechanism for selectively operating said recorder or reproducer.

11. In a machine of the class described, a mandrel, means for rotatably supporting said mandreldriving mechanism for rotating said mandrel in one direction only, a reel rotatably mounted coaxially with said mandrel at one end thereof, a: second reel likewise rotatably mounted coaxially with said mandrel at its other end, a sound record strip, means for threading said sound record strip froml one reel to the other helically about said mandrel with opposite edges of the strip in substantial abutment on the mandrel, a braking mechanism for each reel, and manually operable means associated with said braking mechanisms for selective manual control of the braking mechanisms.

12. In a machine of the character described, a supporting frame, a mandrel rotatably supported on said frame and having an apertured conical head member at each end of the mandrel, driving mechanism for rotating said mandrel and heads, a reel rotatably mounted coaxial with said mandrel at one end thereof, a second reel likewise rotatably mounted coaxially with said mandrel atstrip substantially in abutment on the mandrel,

mechanism associated with each reel for feeding the strip from one reel to the other around the mandrel, means for selectively controlling operation of said feeding mechanisms, a sound unit including a stylus movably mounted adjacent the mandrel and adapted to contact said strip transversely thereof across the substantially abutting edges during operation of the machine, and means for moving said sound unit into and out of contact with the strip.

13. In apparatus of the character described, a mandrel, an elongated record strip having a portion intermediate the ends thereof helically wound about said mandrel with edges of the strip in juxtaposed relation on the mandreLmeans for supporting and moving said strip from one end of the mandrel to the other in its helical relation to the mandrel, electrical sound apparatus comprising a unit having a stylus adapted to engage said strip on the mandrel, said apparatus being so constructed and arranged that the stylus traverses the strip across its juxtaposed edges as the strip is moved helically around the mandrel during operation of the machine, and means for cutting out said sound apparatus during the instant of passage of the stylus across the juxtaposed edges of the strip.

14. In a machine of the character described, having sound receiving and reproducing apparatus including an amplifier and separate recording and reproducing heads, a mandrel rotatably mounted on said frame, a film reel coaxial with said mandrel at each end of the mandrel, a sound record strip extending between said reels helically about the mandrel with edges of the strip substantially in abutment on the mandrel, selective feeding mechanisms for moving said strip from one reel to the other around the mandrel past said heads, at selectively different speeds,means for selectively operating said feeding mechanisms,

means for selectively controlling engagement of rotary' mandrel, a pair of reels, a strip of tllm passing helically around the mandrel and from one of said reels to the other, means for guiding said film from one reel to the other around saidv mandrel, means for rotatably supporting said mandrel and reels for relative and simultaneous rotation about the axis of the mandrel, a stylus adjacent said mandrel constructed and arranged pair of reels, a rotary mandrel, means for rotatably supporting said mandrel and reels for relative and simultaneous rotation about the axis to contact said tllm transversely thereof across its edges, and means for feeding said nlm strip from one reel to the other in transverse and longitudinal movement past the stylus.

V16. In a machine of the character described, a

eration o! said film-moving means.

JOHN RIPLEY KIEL. v 

